Differences Between Semantics and General Semantics

General semantics is a discipline and/or methodology intended to improve the ways people interact with their environment and with one another, especially through training in the critical use of words and other symbols. The term general semantics was  introduced by Alfred Korzybski in the book  Science and Sanity  (1933). In his Handbook of Semiotics (1995),  Winfried Nà ¶th observes that General Semantics is based on the assumption that historical languages are only inadequate tools for the cognition of reality, are misleading in verbal communication, and may have negative effects on our nervous systems. Semantics vs. General Semantics According to Kodish and Kodish General semantics provides a general theory of evaluation. We can consider what we mean when we refer to this system by comparing it with semantics as people usually use the term. Semantics involves the study of language meanings. For example, when were interested in the word unicorn, what dictionaries say it means and its history of meanings, and what it might refer to, we are involved in semantics. General semantics involves such language concerns, but also involves much broader issues. Using general semantics, were concerned with understanding how we evaluate, with the inner life of each individual, with how each of us experiences and makes sense of our experiences, with how we use language and how language uses us. While were interested in what the word unicorn refers to and how a dictionary might define it, we have more interest in the person using the word, with the kind of evaluating that might lead people to look for unicorns in their back yards. Do they think that they have found some? Do they re-evaluate their search when they dont find any? Do they investigate how they came to be looking for unicorns? How are they experiencing the search? How do they talk about it? How are they experiencing the process of evaluating what has happened? General semantics involves an interrelated set of elements, which, taken together, can help us answer these and similar questions. (Susan Presby Kodish and Bruce I. Kodish, Drive Yourself Sane: Using the Uncommon Sense of General Semantics, 2nd ed. Extensional Publishing, 2001) Korzybski on General Semantics General Semantics turned out to be an empirical natural science of non-elementalistic evaluation, which takes into account the living individual, not divorcing him from his reactions altogether, nor from his neuro-linguistic and neuro-semantic environments, but allocating him in a plenum of some values, no matter what (Alfred Korzybski, preface to the third edition of Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics, 1947).Alfred Korzybski (1879-1950), the founder of general semantics, maintained that the structural assumptions implicit in language are of necessity reflected in behavior. . . . Korzybski believed that if, through general semantics, people generally could be trained in the orientations of science in the handling of all their problems (instead of just some of them), many social and personal problems now deemed to be insoluble would prove to be soluble. There is a messianic flavor to Korzybskis writings--a fact which led to the dismis sal of his views in some academic circles. (S.I. Hayakawa, The Use and Misuse of Language. Harper Row, 1962)

Hate Crimes on the Rise in USA - 780 Words

Hate Crimes in the United States In many cities throughout the United States, hate crimes are on the rise. A hate crime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. For the purposes of collecting statistics, Congress has defined a hate crime as a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offenders bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation (FBI, 2012). Hate crimes have increased as the national conversation has grown less tolerant. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that hate crimes against Latinos, Muslims, and homosexuals have seemingly increased in recent years. However, whether hate crimes are actually on the rise is something that is debated; the upswing in reported hate crimes may be due to an actual increase in crime rates, but it could also be due to an increase in reporting. There is no single person that commits hate crimes; they can be committed by a person of any race, sexual orientation, or cultural background. However, there is a typical individual who commits a hate crime, and those individuals come from majority groups. However, Of the 6,934 identified hate crime offenders, the majority were white (4,317, or 62.3%); 1,286 (18.5%) were black, 61 (0.9%) were American Indian or Alaskan Native, 93 (1.3%) were Asian or Pacific Islander, 741 (10.7%) were of unknown race, and the remaining 436 (6.3%) were of other races or multipleShow MoreRelatedIslam And Muslim Will Be Used Interchangeably857 Words   |  4 Pagescorrelations between American anti-Muslim hate crimes and global terrorist attacks. The thought was that because so many places were being attacked, American people would be more scared of Muslim peoples and commit more hate crimes. However there was no remarkable correlation, so we began to think of the rises and falls in American anti-Musli m hate crimes differently. In the year’s pre September 11, 2001, (specifically 1996-2000) Anti-Muslim hate crimes in the USA existed in a small percentage relativeRead MoreThe Symbolic Interactionalism Theory Of Hate Crime1347 Words   |  6 PagesHate crimes are difficult to fathom, primarily because they involve the unprovoked physical attacking and, sometimes, murder of people based on race and ethnicity. A more formal definition of hate crimes is presented by Shepard (2017, p. 285). As he writes, â€Å"a hate crime is a criminal act that is motivated by extreme prejudice,† This is a very good, concise and accurate definition, nevertheless, hate crimes are not the outcome of unimaginable heights of discrimination. 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The American Department of JusticeRead MoreThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 Pagestheir choices. However that is not the case as many countries have culturally rooted prejudices within themselves which often so leaks into their judicial system, allowing the systematic oppression of the LGBT, leading to violence in the form of hate crimes and even death. The GA3 committee, however, will be dealing with the prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The topic is multi-dimensional in terms of aspects which ranges from deeply rooted prejudiceRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals within society, and corporate institutions such as schools, the work force and the government, all of which we have seen occur in today’s â€Å"accepting† society. 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To What Extent Did World War Two Help The United States Of...

The Great Depression To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Nirbhay Bondili Historical investigation Mr. Lissina May, 1, 2017 Question: To what extent did World War Two help the United States of America recover from the effects of the Great Depression? Evaluation of sources Source 1: Steindl, Frank G. What Ended the Great Depression? It Was Not World War II. Independent Review 12, no. 2 (2007). Frank G. Steindl is a Regents Professor of Economics Emeritus at Oklahoma State University. He focused on the theory made by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz of how monetary spending helped reduce the unemployment rate of the great†¦show more content†¦Causes of the Great Depression Throughout the 1920’s the Us economy expanded rapidly and it more than doubled its wealth between 1920 and 1929. Investing in stock had gained popularity all the way from millionaires to janitors. This gained attraction also caused the stock market to expand rapidly. By 1929 production and consumption goods decreased as unemployment decreased. This trend made stock investors very concerned and nervous which made them start to sell their overpriced shares on the market. On October 29 1929 A.K.A Black Thursday over 12.9 million shares were traded that day which resulted in the stock market crashing. Thousands of millions of share which were highly inflated, now turned into worthless stocks . This crash caused many business to slow down production and fire many workers. American banks also played a role in this as a result of a banking crisis as told by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz. They argue that due to a result of a banking crisis in where american citizens were holding on to more money than the federal reserve could supply causing lower consumerism and lower production and employment. The federal reserve lost about 35% of monetary contraction which resulting in a 33% deflation in america’s goods. According to the Monetarist view the federal reserve did not lower interest rate or raise the monetary base for many large banks causing them to fall World war 2 America had to enter the warShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression And Its Effects On America2001 Words   |  9 PagesThe Great Depression was an incredibly dull time in the historical backdrop of the United States, impacting all the financial assets of the American lifestyle. The Great Depression shattered the financial status of the United States. President Roosevelt has been known for sparing the U.S out of the financial turmoil it found itself in from the Great Depression. The causative components of the Great Depression are still up for debate by many students of history and economics. 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This work has been critically acclaimed for portraying the sentiments of the American people during the 1920s and 1930s. ‘The Great Gatsby’ was written in 1924, whilst the Fitzgeralds were staying on the French Riviera, and ‘Tender is the Night’ was written nearly ten years later, is set on, among other places, the Riviera.Read MoreThe Creation Of European Union Was One Of The 20Th Centuries3119 Words   |  13 Pagesaccomplishments. So great that it won the noble peace prize in 2012 for â€Å"over six decades [having] contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe.† What was once a continent torn apart by war, is now a model for peace for the world. Over a 70 year period, Germany and France in particular had fought three wars. However, today war between those countries, or any in the European Economic Area, is clo se to unthinkable. 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The Battle of the Bulge was the last chance effort by Hitler to split the alliance between Britain, France and America in two. Adolf Hitler believed that the western sector of Europe was weak in addition, if he attacked with a successful defeat, it would break up the alliance. Hitler ordered a majorRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 PagesUSA 1919-1941 Topic two – conflict in the pacific Topic three – Douglas MacArthur Topic Four – World War I TOPIC ONE – USA 1919-1941 USA 1920’S * the radio age * felt like istory had turned a corner and never going back * stock market * black Thursday November 24 1929 * the jazz age * a speakeasyyyyyyy How significant were the Republican policies in causing the great depression? The significance of the republic policies were great, they brought a lot of

Analysis Of Adaptation Of The Military - 1111 Words

Adaptation in the military, especially during wartime, is a known need. The adage â€Å"no plan survives first contact† was not created because it sounds cool. It is an ominous warning that at some point while executing your plan, you will be faced with unanticipated and unplanned for situations to which you will have to adapt. Adaptation is a skill that must be attained, yet is very difficult to learn and even more difficult to achieve effectively. Every military organization, regardless of nationality, location, posture, etc., will be required to adapt and their ability to do so effectively may very well decide their success. Adaptation, by its very definition, requires something to change, to be altered or presented in another form. In order to have change, you must have something to change â€Å"from†, a normalcy, a standard or regular pattern, or as the military calls it, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP’s). Tactically speaking, the use of SOP’s in the development of military organizations is what permits these organizations to develop an effective fighting force. The more knowledgeable and proficient an organization is of executing their SOP’s, the more tactically proficient they become. Through constant and persistent training in a benign environment, each person of the organization learns and understands their roles and responsibilities within the organization. Continued training leads to continued improvement and ultimately to mastery of theirShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The United States And Agriculture1301 Words   |  6 Pages Security The essential element needed for crops is water; used in agricultural development to flood the land and prep the soil. Water usage is an ongoing process for the United States Department of Agriculture Services and the future adaptation in climate change. 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Analysing The Business Canvas Model Of Cleancrop Company - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analysing The Business Canvas Model Of Cleancrop Company. Answer: Introduction The report helps in analysis of the business model canvas of an organization named Cleancrop that is based in Sydney. The different kind of key relationships between the nine existing blocks has to be analysed in an effective manner as this will help in analysing the different kind of critical success factors. The different kind of critical success factors has to be analysed in such a manner that will help the business in achieving sustainable success. The main aim and purpose of the report is to understand and analyse the different kind of contribution to the downside risk wherein this will help in analysing the changes that will help in understanding the requirements. The changes have to be discussed that would have been done to the business model if it was my business. The structure of the report will include description of the business along with analysis of the key relationships in the nine building blocks. The contribution to downside risk has to be analysed in an effective manner as well. Overview of Cleancrop Company Cleancrop Company is the reliable, refreshing and responsive service provider company that is based in Sydney, Australia. The respective company specialises in different kind of cleaning projects that includes office cleaning, national cleaning, carpet cleaning and strata cleaning ("Commercial Cleaning Australia | Free Quotes | Cleancorp", 2018). Management team of Cleancrop Company The entire company comprises of different individuals who are helpful in taking the entire business ahead. Hamish Macqueen is the managing director of the company wherein there are more other members in the team that includes finance, sales and marketing, operations along with the service supervisor (Bocken et al., 2014). Cleancrop Company is one such companies based in Sydney that provides their clients the best services by cleaning that guarantees the stock will be looking, feeling and smelling brand new in nature. Cleancrop Company helps in analysing that the cleanliness plays an essential role wherein the consumers shopped (Metallo et al., 2018). Cleancrop Company is operating in the service sector wherein it provides different kind of cleaning services to different offices, carpet and industrial and national cleaning as well. The entire Cleancrop company is specializing in different kind of industrial cleaning services that include maintenance of the floors, degreasing along with cleaning the internal roofs as well (Gemes-Castorena Toro, 2015). Products and services offered by Cleancrop Company There are different kind of services offered by Cleancrop Company wherein it focuses on providing different kind of cleaning services to different kind of office, carpet and other industrial cleaning. The main aim of Cleancrop Company is to offer different kind of cleaning services to manage the industrial site and it helps in increasing the efficiency of the company. Cleancrop Company implement different kind of techniques that include training their staffs, implementation of health and safety policies in their schemes that are being offered to the customers (Souto, 2015). Business Model Canvas of Cleancrop Company Key Partner Different kind of producers who sell cleaning products Information Technology Partner Other material suppliers Key Activities Providing cleaning services to different kind of industrial and office cleaning Human Resource Management Customer Support-through different social networks Value Proposition Competitive kind of pricing Delivering different kind of services that will be safe in nature Responsible kind of employees by providing them proper training Proper quality checks Customer Relationships Through different websites Social networks Calling on different service providers to receive a brief idea or initial awareness Frequent kind of real estate brokerage firms or office Customer Segments Different service sectors (local, independent companies) Household and carpet cleaning Retail cleaning Strata cleaning Key Resources Cleaning different kind of products along with office Funding properly for the application for marketing and development Channels Social networks Different kind of IT companies Flyers Cost Structure Cleaning along with additional kind of products up to 25% Marketing costs up to 10% IT costs 16% Wages and salaries as per the interviews Development of the website Service payments to different providers Revenue Streams Cleaning kind of services wherein transaction is up to 75% Different kind of prepaid cards Company fee is dependent on the type and kind of ob along with frequency Key Relationships across nine building blocks There are key relationships between the nine building blocks of the company named Cleancrop Company. The key relationships have been described as follows: Customer segments are the heart of the business model of Cleancrop as the company cannot survive for long without the help of the profitable customers. The respective company focuses more on the mass market wherein it helps in providing services of cleaning to the different industrial, office and national cleaning (Toro-Jarrn, Ponce-Jaramillo Gemes-Castorena, 2016). Secondly, the value proposition is one such reasons wherein the company gains competitive advantage by providing specialised services to them. Cleancrop Company focuses on providing the different services that will helping them in solving customers problems in an effectual manner (Schaltegger, Hansen Ldeke-Freund, 2016). Thirdly, the channels of the company are essential in nature wherein the Cleancrop chooses to communicate and reach the different customers to deliver the value proposition in an effective manner. The main channels of Cleancrop are social networks as this helps them in gaining competitive advantage (Klang, Wallnfer Hacklin, 2014). The relationship with the customers has been maintained in an efficient manner by Cleancrop Company wherein the company will be delivering different kind of services such as providing them with different cleaning services at a discount and a proper service is provided in comparison to the other companies in the market (Joyce Paquin, 2016). The automated services are provided by the company to the customers wherein it helped the company in creating and offering information that will be helpful in understanding their purchase orders. The revenue streams of the company include the different brokerage fees from the different dealers and provide services to the customers in an effective manner. The different key resources include the cleaning different kind of carpets, office and household cleaning that provides the company in analysing the necessities and increase their brand name in the market. The company helps in solving the different issues by helping them in providing solutions and provide supervision of services (Carayannis, Sindakis Walter, 2015). The cost structure of Cleancrop is cost and value driven in nature as this helps in providing different kind of costs in the services provided by them. Furthermore, it has been seen that the company includes and implements different kind of services that will help them in fulfilling the expectations of the customers. Identification of critical success factors to achieve sustainable success There are different kind of critical success factors that are required to achieve sustainable success are as follows: Cleancrop needs to increase their market share with the help of the current customers as this will help them in providing more options to the customers and gain competitive advantage (Carayannis, Sindakis Walter, 2015) Cleancrop Company needs to analyse the different other requirements and other extra essentials that can be provided by them to the customers as this will help them in becoming more service oriented in nature in the competitive market Cleancrop needs to achieve the excellence through and with the help of process improvement as this will help in understanding the requirements of the customers in an efficient manner Aligning the different kind of incentives as this will help the company in rewarding the employees whose performance has been successful and worthy in nature for increased satisfaction among the employees Contribution to downside risk Downside risk is defined as the estimation of potential of the security as to suffer the decline in the value when the condition in the market will change. Cleancrop Company as a whole need to analyse the conditions of the market and perform their activities effectively as to implement different kind of strategies as this will help them in overcoming the issues effectually. Cleancrop Company needs to manage the downside risk in an effective manner by usage of active and diversification management. Proper diversification can help the company Cleancrop in changing their business conditions as per the requirement of the market. The company needs to plan the time horizon in an appropriate manner as this will help and provide the company different kind of services that will help them in managing the downside risk. Changes required to be done If the business was mine, there can be different minor changes that could have been implemented by me wherein the key channels could have been increased as this would have provided the business much more realistic goals that can be achieved by the company. The key resources would have been increased to a large extent wherein I would have implemented different more products that could have helped the company in succeeding in the entire market in an effectual manner. Furthermore, the segment of the customers could have been changed wherein it could have included the different hostels and other canteens as this would have provided me the advantage in the schools and colleges in an effective manner as well. The revenue streams would have been increased as well while changing the different key resources and products along with implementing more customers in the business canvas model. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that business canvas model is required and it helped the Cleancrop business to succeed in the competitive market. The different techniques have been applied by the company in solving the different issues and downside risk management. However, it was seen that there were few changes that could have been implemented in an effective manner. References Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, 42-56. Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. Commercial Cleaning Australia | Free Quotes | Cleancorp. (2018). Cleancorp. Retrieved 20 March 2018, from https://cleancorp.com/ DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. (DaSilva Trkman, 2014) Foss, N. J., Saebi, T. (2017). Fifteen years of research on business model innovation: how far have we come, and where should we go?.Journal of Management,43(1), 200-227. (Foss Saebi, 2017) Gemes-Castorena, D., Toro, M. A. (2015, August). Methodology for the integration of Business Model Canvas and technological road map. InManagement of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 2015 Portland International Conference on(pp. 41-52). IEEE. Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Klang, D., Wallnfer, M., Hacklin, F. (2014). The business model paradox: A systematic review and exploration of antecedents.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(4), 454-478. Metallo, C., Agrifoglio, R., Schiavone, F., Mueller, J. (2018). Understanding business model in the Internet of Things industry.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E. G., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2016). Business models for sustainability: Origins, present research, and future avenues. Souto, J. E. (2015). Business model innovation and business concept innovation as the context of incremental innovation and radical innovation.Tourism Management,51, 142-155. Toro-Jarrn, M. A., Ponce-Jaramillo, I. E., Gemes-Castorena, D. (2016). Methodology for the of building process integration of Business Model Canvas and Technological Roadmap.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,110, 213-225.

Politics In Gilded Age Essay Example For Students

Politics In Gilded Age Essay The paper discusses politics in the Gilded Age. Include major political events and issues, and the roles of the bloody shirt, corruption, patronage, and reform movements. The term Gilded Age was named for a Mark Twain book. It meant covered with gold, and was applied to this period as a whole. This was a period of corruption in sordid politics. The Republicans and Senator Blaine led the Half-Breeds from Maine, and they wanted to be in control of it all. The mugwumps were a group that turned Democrat because of the corruption of the Republican presidential nominee, Senator Blaine. One president was Grant during this period. He was elected into office for his past war experience. He had little knowledge of politics, and depended on his fellow politicians. These men, in turn, involved in scandals to embezzle money from the government. One was the Great Mobilier scandal; it dealt with the Union Pacific Railroad. The Construction Company hired themselves at inflated prices to build railroad lines, and distributed shares of stock to congressmen. A scandal during Grants second term, was the Whisky Ring. This scandal was uncovered in St. Louis, and consisted of selling whiskey without the excise tax. In return it defrauded the government out of millions of dollars. Belknap was selling goods and trading with the Indians for lower prices. During Grants administration the monetary issues were inflation, cheap money, and greenbacks. The debtors, especially farmers, wanted cheap money. However, Grant vetoed the bill to print more money, and supported withdrawing greenbacks from circulation. Hayes won the disputed election. Four states submitted irregular returns. It was disputed if the Republican president of the Senate or the Democratic Speaker of the House should count them. It was decided that an electoral commission made up of fifteen men. There were eight Republicans and seven Democrats, so the Republicans won. The Democrats would only accept this with conditions, one of which was to remove troops from the south. The next president was a political unknown. His name was James Garfield. A disturbed politician shot him in the back at a railroad. This demonstrated the corruption in the patronage system and led to reform. In the next presidential election the Republicans nominated James Blaine and the Democrats supported Grover Cleveland. Both parties were the same on issues and both agreed on tariff and corporate abuses, so it came down to personal issues. Cleveland won the election and was the first Democratic President since before the Civil War. His philosophy of government was almost entirely negative. He believed that the government should not support people. He wanted to reform tariff, but congress postponed it. The Republicans described Clevelands tariff reform as a free trade policy that would ruin American industries and put Americans out of work. The Republicans regain the White House with Benjamin Harrison. The payoffs for industries were high tariffs. The downside was increased government spending. .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .postImageUrl , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:visited , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:active { border:0!important; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:active , .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u785ef8b22d0bfc7bea649b5751b23c7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: United States the Interloper Essay The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed to help the silver minors and economy. During President Clevelands reelection, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act drained the treasuries. Paper notes were traded for gold, then reissued, and the process would be repeated. The worst depression of that century occurred during Clevelands second term. Cleveland tried to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, but it was too late. Gold was almost depleted, so he borrowed $62 million in gold from J. P. Morgan. The Wilson-Gorman Act reduced tariff slightly, and had a provision that the Populist favored. It was a 2% income tax on incomes over $4000 a year. In all Cleveland was unable to deal with the economic crises in his second term. There was too much corruption during this period. Honest politicians and businessmen might have prevented the depression. The big businesses were really in charge. The quality of Presidents played a major role .